I am taking notes on Episode #159 from the Podcast THE PLACE WE FIND OURSELVES.This episode is entitled "Revisiting the Big Six: What You Needed from Your Parents." Adam had originally spoken about this in Episode #2 of his Podcast, and he had returned and talked it many more times since that original "debut" of the concept. I encourage you to visit Adam's Resource Page for a handout of THE BIG SIX.
Today, Adam is going to summarize the six things that every child needed/needs from their parents. He was also present vignettes that will hopefully illustrate this. Understanding these are super important for understanding your own story but also in how you are parenting your own children.
Kids need these six things to form a secure attachment, to have a healthy brain, and to develop well. These include:
#1: ATTUNEMENT: Attunement efers to your parents' desire and ability to read your emotional state -- your insides. Did your mother read you well when you were a third grader? Did she have some idea of what you were feeling on the inside? Was your father attuned to your emotional states when you were in middle school? Were your parents paying specific attention to you so that they knew something of what was happening to you on the inside? Inside your body? Inside your heart? When Dad and/or Mom are distracted by their own needs and personal trauma, they often fail to attune to the child.
When you are on the receiving end of attunement, you, as a child, feel felt. Nothing is better, nothing makes a child feel safer, nothing helps their brain develop better than parental attunement. When you feel felt, you have a sense that your mother really gets what is happening inside of you and that she is there for you. You know that your mother or father knows what you are feeling and as a result, you feel joined by them. This is the first thing that you needed from your parents. She not only "got" you but she "wanted" to get to you.
A lot of times, the worst part of disappointment is actually that your parent didn't even know what you wanted or how you felt. Adam shares a story about a time when he was growing up. His dad had told him that "sometime this summer, we can borrow my co-worker's pool and we can go swimming." Adam was so excited by this idea! On one particular day his Dad said, "I wish I would have known you were so bored today. Jerry had asked if you wanted to swim today, but I told him you probably didn't." What broke Adam's heart was not missing out on the swimming. It was the fact that his Dad wasn't attuned to Adam.
Think back on your growing years. Did you feel felt by your parents. When you were a sophomore in high school did you feel that your mom wanted to know how you felt? Or that your dad really cared?
A quick note: most of us will have the feeling that ONE of our parents was better at this than the other parent. That's natural. However, suppose your father was emotionally absent. He was rarely attuned to you. As an adult, thinking back on your growing up years, you may feel that your mom was attuned to you because she was way more attuned to you than your father. However, this doesn't mean your mother was attuned to you. It simply means that relative to your father, you felt more attunement from your mother. When a child is starving, crumbs can feel like a substantial meal when in fact it was just crumbs and not a meal.
#2: RESPONSIVENESS: If attunement refers to "reading your face" at the dinner table, then this is what your parents did with the sad face they saw at the dinner table. Did your mother respond to you when you were sad, mad, or afraid. Did Dad respond to you in a meaningful way? Did he offer some measure of comfort, care, or kindness?
You have to understand. Your Dad knew you were upset after your soccer game. Did he sit on the edge of your bed that night and ask you about your disappointment? When you had a hard day at school, what was it like for you to come home and see your mother? Your parents saw your face when you had a terrible day. Did they respond to what they saw?
When something bad happened to you and you told your mom, did she respond to you in a helpful way? Now, some of you are thinking "I never would have told my mother ..." Okay. This is indicative of a bigger problem. Then ... why did you not tell your mother? If you never would have told your mom, it is likely that you learned from a very young age that it wouldn't matter. Nothing good or helpful would come for reaching for help and telling her the bad thing that would happen. You knew that she would not have responded to you by bringing comfort and care to your heart. Children instinctively run to their parent when they are hurt. If they stop doing that at some point, there is a reason. Every child needs their parent to be responsive to them when they are feeling big feelings like anger, sadness, or fear.
Adam share a story from middle school. He didn't have hair on his legs in middle school and a rumor began that he shaved his legs. Fellow students began mocking him for that. He lived in a state of fear and vigilance and he felt completely powerless. He hated himself for not sticking up for himself. But he felt paralyzed. This made him an anxious wreck. His parents knew this. They saw his face each day. He needed his parents to respond to his fear, anxiety, and humiliation. They needed to talk with him and help him to decide how to handle this situation.
Another pause: Some of you out there have stopped thinking about whether you received these and instead you are obsessively thinking about whether you are giving these to your children. However, the tendency to focus on our parenting failures rather than focusing on the way we were failed by our parents, allows us to avoid the feelings of sadness in our own story. In addition, the greatest gift you can give your own children is to make sense of your own developmental story. If you want to improve your parenting, the #1 thing you can do has nothing to do with interacting differently with your children. The #1 thing is to engage your family of origin story and make sense of your life experience. A good book on this is called: Parenting from the Inside Out. "The best predictor of how are children will become attached to us is how well we have come to make sense of our lives." As you are listening, try to resist the urge to think about your parenting failures.
#3: ENGAGEMENT: This means that your Mom and Dad wanted to know you. Like the real you and that they sought to know you and that they sought to draw you out. They had a genuine desire to know your inner emotional world and that they pursued you. Did your father have a genuine desire to know your heart? Was he willing to engage with you on a heart level? Did you feel pursued by your mother? It is not enough to have attunement or responsiveness. You have to have a drawing out of your fears and desires. "When each one of us comes into this world, we enter it looking for someone looking for us." And we need this person to always be there for us and truly know us and delight in us. You may have grown up with plenty of sports, food, and clothing, but those weren't the most important things. Consider these words, "We can grow up homes in which the food finds the table, the money finds the college funds, and the family even finds the church each Sunday, but somehow, our hearts remain undiscovered by the two people we most need to know us: our parents." Was your heart discovered by your parents?
In Adam's case, if his dad wasn't working, he was outside with his plants. He was absolutely desperate for his father's presence. He would even go outside into the yard where all the plants were. He is looking for his father. And if his dad was planting a new plant, he would simply stand there next to him. He would get as close to him as he would allow and make multiple bids for connection. Maybe a question about work or Vietnam. These were desperate attempts to hear his father's voice. What he was doing was working his butt off to create the right environment for his dad to open up to him and then to ultimately pursue Adam. He was trying to make it as easy as possible for his dad to father him.
Each of us is born with a question deep inside our guts. "Does my mother/father delight in me?" You need to know that they delighted in you. "You are a beloved daughter. I enjoy you being with you. I like who you are." It's the sense that Mom just loves being with me or Dad teaches me to ride a bike, and he loves doing it because he loves being with you. If the deepest part of you never got this message, you carry a wound inside your heart.
Did your heart remain undiscovered by your parents? If it did, that had a big impact on the development of your brain and a big impact on your attachment style.
#4: AFFECT REGULATION: (This has been explained in other podcasts. If this concept is new to you, please go back and listen to Episode #20.) As an infant and a young child, you became dysregulated many times a day. You had no ability to regulate yourself. You couldn't calm your body when it got anxious or stimulate it back alive when it became listless. Young children are completely dependent on their parent to regulate their affect for them.
What if your mother was too preoccupied by her own trauma or her big feelings that she couldn't do this? Or what if your father was too checked out to do this?
In this case, it is very difficult for you to develop the brain structures necessary for self-regulation because the way a child's brain develops the neurobiological structures to self-regulate is by having their affect interactively regulated by parents who are attuned responsive, and engaged.
When the primary caregivers are unable or unwilling to regulate the child, the child's brain fails to develop the necessary neural networks for self-regulation. And that is a VERY big deal for adult living in the world, particularly in the area of relationships.
Amelia came to see Adam because she had lost control of emotions ever since her second child had arrived, and as we explored her story growing up, Amelia told him about failing to make the gymnastics team her junior year of high school. On the last day of tryouts she began to make mistakes. None of these mistakes would have kept her off the team, but she started to panic inside and the panic resulted in bigger mistakes. And those bigger mistakes were the end of her gymnastics career. She became very dysregulated during the final day of try-out. She was furious at herself for not being able to calm her body. She felt shame at falling apart at the tryout.
She recalled meeting her mom in the parking lot at the end of the day. She burst into tears and began yelling and screaming about how mad she was at herself for falling apart. What did she need at this point? She needed her mother to provide containment and care. When you are dysregulated and feeling very big feelings, your brain needs a container for those big feelings. The container is the regulated presence of another person who is there for you and kind to you. The emotional presence of another person provides a psychological container so that you can feel your big feelings and express your big feelings. Through this, children learn how to express their emotions and they learn how to manage their dysregulated bodies.
However, Amelia's role in her family was to regulate her mother. Their roles were reversed. Amelia provide significantly more affect regulation for her mother than her mother provided for her. In the car that day, Amelia's mother became just as dysregulated as Amelia. As a result, Amelia was left utterly alone with her emotions and with no one to help or.
What about you? Did your mother help regulate you when you were distressed? When you were afraid? Sorrowful? Distressed? Ashamed? When you were in middle school, did your father help calm you down and bring regulation to your body? Or were you left alone more often than not when you were in need of regulation and soothing?
#5 ABILITY TO REGULATE YOUR AROUSAL: You needed your parents to bring containment to your anger, your fear, and your sadness. You needed the freedom to express these negative emotions. You needed to be able to cry, rage, and fall silent, knowing that you would be responded to in a loving and meaningful way. Were your emotions welcome in your home? Were you allowed to be sad and cry as a kid? Were you allowed to rage and get angry? Or did they communicate, verbally or non-verbally, that your big emotions were somehow bad and off-limits?
You needed the freedom to say to your mother, "I hate you" or "you don't love me" without hearing back from them "Go to your room" or "How could you say that?" or "Don't you know that hurts Mommy's feelings?" Could you look at your mother without her getting a look on her face of "How could you say that to me?"
You needed to know that deep down, your emotions were accepted, welcome, and allowed. "Perhaps your family was too fragile to bear the weight of your unedited soul."
After a hard day in middle school, you tell your mom how bad your day at school went. And instead of being able to handle your big emotions, your mom looks at you and says, "Maybe you are too sensitive." At that moment, your twelve-year-old heart is deeply wounded. When you most needed care, you were met by your mother with reproach. With a curse. The message is clear. "Your feelings are out of proportion sweetheart and maybe the problem is you."
You do not recover from that with TIME.
Rachel came to Adam as a sophomore in college with terrible anxiety. When she went home and shared this with her dad, her father came in, paced around the room, and sat down on her bed. They began to talk a little bit. He asked her if she knew what she was so anxious about. She tells her dad, "My anger is caused by years of stuffed anger involving you." The Dad started yelling at her. "Listen, everyone in the house has been blaming me. Ever since you started seeing the counselor this has been a thing. Maybe I should just leave."
Rachel took the risk of expressing a very small portion of her big feelings and her dad couldn't handle them. His shame immediately turned into contempt for Rachel. And instead of feeling seen and comforted by her dad, she felt guilty for making her dad want to leave the family.
You needed your parents to be capable of handling your big emotions.
#6: WILLINGNESS TO REPAIR: It is impossible to overstate the importance of repair when it comes to the healthy development of a child's brain. Brains develop best in an environment of trust and safety. Trust and safety do not require perfect attunement and responsiveness. "Trust and safety are not built on the absence of failure. They are built on the willingness of the parent to own and rectify failures when they inevitably do occur." No parent gets this right 100% of the time! The parent/child connection ruptures all the time. This is not a big deal.
What mattered to you as a child was not whether or not your parent got it right all the time. What mattered is if they recognized when they hurt you or missed you and they responded to your sorrowful face. What mattered to you as a child was when you parent recognized when rupture occurred, they would work to repair the failure.
Without this repair, the child will feel crazy. The child simultaneously knows she didn't deserve to be hit or screamed at, but she can't make sense of the situation any other way. It isn't her fault. And yet it MUST be her fault. A war rages inside making a child feel very, very confused. One way a child deals with this is to conclude that they must be the problem. They must be the bad one. If they would have just listened, not talked back, etc., then they wouldn't have gotten the beating.
If a mother hits a child and doesn't come back and acknowledge the wrong-doing, the child will either feel crazy or assume they did something wrong. "There must be something really wrong with me." Children are meaning-making creatures. A child needs a coherent narrative to make sense of their world.
When your parents hurt you: did they own their failure? When was the last time, "I was wrong to do such and such."
If you think back on your growing up years and you can't remember telling your parents how hurt you were by them ... if you can't remember sharing that hurt with them, there is a reason. You learned that telling them about this would not go well. So why bother doing it?
lf you risk expressing disappointment in your mother and she flips it and says, "You have no idea how hard you are for me ..." you will end up knowing you can't go there. You will take your pain and flip it and feel your mother's pain instead. You become so scared of losing your parent. You have immense sadness and guilt that you are causing your parent pain. You push down your sadness to tend to your parents' sadness and end up comforting them.
This type of experience is very common when one of your parents cannot bear the fact that they harmed you. As a child, you needed your parent to initiate conversations of repair when there was relational rupture. We actually still need that as adults.